Email this article 
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Intestinal Helminth Infections in Benhur Carriage Horses in Bima City, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the species and prevalence of helminth infestations in Benhur horses in Bima City, as well as factors associated with parascasis. A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting fecal samples from Benhur horses, which were examined using flotation and sedimentation techniques. Data on horse characteristics, owner profiles, and management practices were analyzed descriptively, while associations between helminth infection and related factors were assessed using Odds Ratios (OR). The results showed that 86.3% of Benhur horses were infected with gastrointestinal helminths, with Parascaris equorum accounting for 82.4% and Strongyle spp. for 3.9%. Factors most strongly associated with parascarosis were provision of fresh, unwilted feed (OR = 2.5), lack of anthelmintic administration (OR = 2.1), owner occupation (OR = 1.83), and horse sex (OR = 0.72). These findings highlight the importance of proper feed management and regular anthelmintic programs to prevent helminth infections in Benhur horses.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Antara, I.B.K.S. 2024. Sapta Pesona and hospitality training for horse drawn carriage drivers in Denpasar: strengthening heritage tourism. LOSARI: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 6(2). https://ojs.losari.or.id/index.php/losari/article/download/220/113/1543
Apriliawati, E, Mufasirin, M, Wurlina, W, Hastutiek, P, Suwanti L.T. and Tehupuring B.C. 2019. Prevalence and nematode infection level on gastrointestinal tract at horse (Equus caballus) in Bangkalan Madura. Journal of Parasite Science, 3(2), 83–88. https://doi.org/10.20473/jops.v3i2.16523
Arifwal, L, Winarsih, W and Mayasari, N. 2020. Penilaian Kesejahteraan Kuda Pekerja (Dokar) di Kota Bogor Menggunakan Protokol Welfare Quality®. Jurnal Veteriner, 21(3), 345-352. https://doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2020.21.3.345
Buana, G.H.W., Ningtyas, N.S.I. and Janah M. 2023. Identification of Trichostrongylus spp. eggs in feces of cidomo pulling horses in Masbagik Market, East Lombok. Mandalika Veterinary Journal, 3(2), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.33394/mvj.v3i2.9309
Capewell, L.G., Hunt, D, Guerrero, J, Newcomb, K and Root, T. 2005 The prevalence of Strongyles in stabled and pastured horses in Vermont and efficacy of anthelmintic programs in these horses. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 3(3), 227–233. https://jarvm.com/articles/Vol3Iss3/CAPEWELL.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Charlier, J, Barkema, H.W., Becher, A. and Williams, D.J.L. 2020 Helminth control in the face of climate change and anthelmintic resistance in grazing ruminants. Veterinary Parasitology, 285, 109214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109214
Chikoto, H, Moyo, D.Z. and Savadye, P.A. 2025. Anthelmintic resistance in livestock in Africa: review of the current status. BMC Veterinary Research, 21(1). https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-025-05077-0
Chirawatkul, A. 2017. Sample size calculation for prevalence and risk factors study. Journal of Health Science of Thailand, 22(5), 747–748. https://thaidj.org/index.php/JHS/article/view/898
Dryden, M.W., Payne, P.A., Ridley, R and Smith, V. 2015. Comparison of common fecal flotation techniques for the recovery of parasite eggs and oocysts. Veterinary Therapeutics, 16(1), 15–20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15906267/
Forteau, L., Dumont, B., Sallé, G., Bigot, G. and Fleurance, G. 2019. Horses grazing with cattle have reduced strongyle egg count due to the dilution effect and increased reliance on macrocyclic lactones in mixed farms. Animal, 14(5), 1076–1082. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731119002738
Erianto, E.S and Khumaeroh, M.S. 2022. Mathematical model for parasitic worm infection in horses. SITEKIN: Jurnal Sains, Teknologi dan Industri, 20(1), 406–412. https://doi.org/10.24014/sitekin.v20i1.20415
Hamad, M.H., Islam, S.I, Jitsamai, W., Chinkangsadarn, T., Naraporn, D, Ouisuwan, S., Taweethavonsawat, P. 2024. Patterns of Equine Small Strongyle Species Infection after Ivermectin Intervention in Thailand: Egg Reappearance Period and Nemabiome Metabarcoding Approach. Animals, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14040574
Haymanot, F and Kaba, T. 2022. Prevalence and associated factors of gastrointestinal helminthiasis of lactating cow and effect of strategic deworming on milk quantity, fat, and protein in Kucha, Ethiopia. BMC Veterinary Research, 18, 150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03251-2
Hoppe, F.M., Hoppe, D.J. and Walter, S.D. 2017. Odds ratios deconstructed: a new way to understand and explain odds ratios as conditional risk ratios. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 82, 87–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.08.007
Gilleard, J.S., Kenyon, F and Samson-Himmelstjerna, G.V. 2025. Independent development of resistance to main classes of anthelmintics by gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants and horses. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 12. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12473072/
Hu, D., Wang, C., and O’Connor, A.M. 2020. A method of back-calculating the log odds ratio and standard error of the log odds ratio from the reported group-level risk of disease. PLOS ONE, 15(3), e0222690. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222690
Lema, W.G., Pal, M and Khan, M.S. 2024. Prevalence, identification and associated risk factors of gastrointestinal nematodes in working equines. International Journal of Veterinary & Public Health, 10(1), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.62418/ijvph.10.1.2024.61-69
Mathewos, M., Girma, D., Fesseha, H., Yirgalem, M and Eshetu, E. 2021. Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in horses and donkeys of Hawassa District, Southern Ethiopia. Veterinary Medicine International, 2021, Article ID 6686688. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6686688
Mathewos, M., Belay, D., Tiruneh, A and Nassir, T. 2022. Study on gastrointestinal nematodes of equines in and around Gondar Town, Ethiopia. Journal of Parasitology Research, 2022, Article ID 8210160. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8210160
McBean, D., O'Shea, J and Hughes, K. 2022. Anthelmintic drugs have reduced efficacy against parasites in horses: an Australian farm study. Animal Production Science, 63(2), 223–231. https://www.publish.csiro.au/AN/pdf/AN22223
Mpofu, B.I., Slayi, M., Mutero, G., Mlahlwa, S and Jaja, I.F. 2023. Assessing body condition scores, weight gain dynamics, and fecal egg counts in feedlot and non-feedlot cattle within high-throughput abattoirs of the Eastern Cape Province. Frontiers in Animal Science, 4, 1302320. https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2023.1302320
Nielsen, M.K., Reinemeyer, C.R., Donecker, J.M., Leathwick, D.M., Marchiondo, A.A., and Kaplan, R.M. Anthelmintic efficacy against equine strongyles in the United States. Veterinary Parasitology, 259, 53–60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30056984/
Opsal,T., Toftaker, I. , Nødtvedt, A., Robertson, L. J., Tysnes, K. R., Woolsey, I and Hektoen, L. 2021. Gastrointestinal nematodes and Fasciola hepatica in Norwegian cattle herds: a questionnaire to investigate farmers’ perceptions and control strategies. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 63, 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00618-7
Kavanagh, S., Kelly, M.P., Verweij, J.J. and Zieritz, A. 2018. Evaluation of centrifugal sedimentation versus flotation for the diagnosis of intestinal helminths. Journal of Helminthology, 92(3), 291–297.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X1800041X
Phetkarl, T., Fungwithaya, P., Lewchalermvong, K and Sontigun, N. 2024. Prevalence of gastrointestinal and blood parasites in horses of Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand. Veterinary World, 17(11), 2460–2468. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2460-2468
Pranaja, S., Wibowo, A and Nugraha, I. 2024. Prevalensi cacing gastrointestinal pada kuda andong di Yogyakarta dan faktor manajemen kesehatan. Jurnal Sain Veteriner, 12(1), 45–53. https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jsv/article/download/100737/40724
Pranaja, M.R.S, Amperawati, Y., Faiza, A.N., Nur Aliyyah N.S., Wenni, A.H., Savitri, A.P., Najwa, N.F., Agatha, N.L. and Budiariati, V. 2024. Health assessment of horse drawn carriages in Parangtritis Beach and Malioboro from the perspective of maintenance management. Jurnal Sain Veteriner, 42(3), 471–482. https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jsv/article/download/100737/40724
Prasad, K. 2020. Sample size calculation with simple math for clinical researchers. Natl Med J India, 33(6), 372–374. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-258X.32113
Pratama, I.H., Supriadi and Janah, M. 2023. Detection of gastrointestinal nematode eggs in feces of Sumbawa cidomo horses in Empang Market, Sumbawa. Mandalika Veterinary Journal, 1(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.33394/mvj.v1i1.3620
Putra, I.M.A.D. and Dwijendra, N.K.A. 2022. Developing heritage tourism in Denpasar City by utilizing decorative horse drawn carriages (dokar). NALARS Journal. https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/nalars/article/download/9747/7191/35294
Putranty, R.M., Oka, I.B.M and Widyananta, B.J. 2019. Prevalence and identification of gastrointestinal nematodes in horses and their impact on body condition score at Bali Equestrian Centre and Bali Star Adventures. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus, 8(3), 325–337. https://doi.org/10.19087/imv.2019.8.3.325
Roberts, M.R., Ashrafzadeh, S. and Asgari, M.M. 2019. Research techniques made simple: interpreting measures of association in clinical research. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 139(3), 502–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2018.12.023
Romero, C., Heredia, R., Miranda, L and Arredondo, M. 2020. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Horses of Central Mexico. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 10, 117–125. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2020.108010
Rosyidi, A., Depamede, S.N., Wariata, I.W., Sriasih, M., Ali, M and Yusuf, L.W.C. 2025. Infeksi Parascaris equorum dan faktor-faktor terkait pada kuda cidomo di Lombok Tengah dan Lombok Timur. Jurnal Veteriner, 26(2), 189–200. https://doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2025.26.2.189
Shatyaayyupranathasari, H.P., Sudarnika, E. and Ridwan, Y. 2021. Prevalence and risk factors of gastrointestinal helminth infection in delman pulling horses in Bogor City. Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana, 9(2), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.29244/avi.9.2.87-96
Sudjai, N. 2020. Sample size calculation for diagnostic test studies. Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 27(2), 167–182. https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jmhs/article/view/244785
Syafindri, K., Kholik, K., Tirtasari, K. and Janah, M. 2022. The relationship between gastrointestinal worms prevalence and age of cidomo pulling horses in Mataram City. Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana, 24(SP), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.20473/jbp.v24i1SP.2022.30-38
Tadesse, D., Adugna, S. and Alemayehu, F. 2025. Occurrence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis and efficacy of anthelmintics in equines in Shashemene and Asella districts, Oromia, Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 57(4), Article 00096. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44338-025-00096-5
Traversa, D., Di Cesare, A., Milillo, P and Otranto, D. 2014. Comparative diagnostic efficiency of centrifugal flotation in parasitological examinations. Veterinary Parasitology, 200(1–2), 110–116.
Widi, T.S.M., Yulianto, M.D.E, Kusumawicitra, E and Adi, A.F. 2017. Assessment of the welfare of carriage horses in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. In: Proceedings of the 7th International WAFL Conference. Aarhus: Wageningen Academic Publishers. https://pure.au.dk/portal/files/118907955/978_90_8686_862_9.pdf
Zelpina, E., Sujatmiko, Noor, P.S. and Lefiana, D. 2022. Parascaris equorum in Horses of Payakumbuh City, West Sumatra, Indonesia. World’s Veterinary Journal, 12(2), 181–185. https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj23
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v59.1.8594
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anwar Rosyidi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.