Diversity, Dominance, and Conservation Status of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in the Gunung Puntang Protected Forest, West Java, Indonesia

Indah Cita Cahyani, Tedi Setiadi, Arif Ardiansyah, Riska Septia Widiana, Adi Firmansyah, Tiara Rahmawati, Wahyuni Hardiyanti

Abstract


Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) are vital bioindicators for evaluating the ecological integrity of tropical forest ecosystems. This study assessed butterfly diversity, community structure, and conservation status within the Wana Wisata Gunung Puntang area, West Java, Indonesia. Data were collected across four habitat types—secondary forest, riparian zones, coffee-based agroforestry, and open areas—using the time-search sampling method over three consecutive days in July 2025. Diversity indices including Shannon–Wiener (H′), Margalef (Dmg), and Evenness (E) were calculated to determine community stability. Thirty-seven butterfly species belonging to five families and totaling 155 individuals were identified, with Pieridae and Papilionidae as the dominant families. The highest diversity occurred in secondary forest and agroforestry habitats, while open areas exhibited the lowest. Two species—Troides helena and Troides cuneifera—were identified as nationally and internationally protected species under CITES Appendix II and Indonesian Regulation No. P.106/2018. The results highlight the crucial roles of habitat heterogeneity, microclimatic variation, and floral resource availability in maintaining butterfly diversity. Gunung Puntang serves as an important ecological refuge for tropical forest butterflies and demonstrates strong potential as a model for community-based biodiversity conservation and ecotourism development.


Keywords


Butterfly Diversity; Bioindicator; Community Structure; Papilionoidea; West Java

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v53.2.7608

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