Effects of The Intestinal Microbiota on Host Immunity

Maged Naser, Mohamed M. Nasr, Lamia H. Shehata

Abstract


The human gut is a complex microbiota that harbors thousands of microbial species that play an important role in supporting the well-being of its hosts. The composition of the gut microbiota varies with age, from childhood to adulthood, and is influenced by dietary habits, environment and genetics. Recent advances in methods that do not rely on culture and nucleic acid methods have improved our understanding of the diversity of the gut microbiota. Microbial species in the gut release short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which have anti-inflammatory properties. The gut microbiota also plays an important role in modulating the immune system, promoting immunity and maintaining homeostasis. The impact of gut microbiota on host health is well-known, since gut dysbiosis has been linked to various diseases, including metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, allergies, and inflammatory heart disease. Gut microbiota communicate bidirectionally with the respiratory system, creating a gut-lung axis, which is associated with various respiratory diseases. Treatments targeting the gut microbiota, such as probiotics, prebiotics, nutritional supplements, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), aim to restore the microbial balance and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. Nevertheless, it is important to gain knowledge about the complex relationship between the gut microbiota and the host in order to develop personalized therapies and microbiota-based therapies for various diseases. This review summarizes studies on the role of the microbiota on host immunity.


Keywords


Microbiota, Immune System, IBD, Host-Derived Mirnas, Therapeutics, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v47.2.6740

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