Morpho-Energetic Optimization of Cities in Warm Climates : Simulation and Urban Heat Island Analysis in Tana-Masoandro

Tolotra Stephane RANAIVOSAMIMANANA, Herilala Tafitasoloniaina RALIJAONA, Achille RAVONINJATOVO, Lala ANDRIANAIVO

Abstract


This study explores the effect of urban morphology and building materials on the intensity of the urban heat island (UHI) in the tropical context of the new city of Tana-Masoandro. Based on empirical models (Oke, 1973–1987) and three-dimensional numerical simulations, the results indicate a thermal intensity ranging between 5.6 °C and 11.7 °C depending on urban configurations. Buildings with insulated walls offer interior thermal stability, but can lead to energy overconsumption if ventilation is not optimized. Compact morphology, natural shading, and ventilation strongly influence temperatures and cooling needs. The results support bioclimatic strategies integrating urban form, suitable materials, and natural ventilation to improve thermal comfort and limit UHIs in tropical climates.


Keywords


urban heat island, microclimate, urban morphology, modeling, Tana-Masoandro, energy performance, thermal comfort, tropical climate

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v53.2.7595

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