The Application of Adjuvants in Spinal and Epidural Anaesthesia

Arbnor Ukaj, Zamira Qerkezi Ukaj

Abstract


Introduction: Spinal and epidural anesthesia are applied during regional anesthesia and analgesia, both during and after surgical interventions. The main advantage of these two methods lies in their low rate of complications and side effects. Adjuvants are agents used to prolong the effect of local anesthetics and simultaneously reduce potential side effects. Adjuvants can be opioids or non-opioids.

Objective of the Study: The aim of this study is to analyze the application of adjuvants in spinal and epidural anesthesia. It also explores the benefits and possible side effects of different types of adjuvants.

Materials and Methods: This study is part of a literature review, using secondary sources from credible articles. These sources were drawn from PubMed, MedLine, and The American Journal of Medicine. 

Results: Experimental research on adjuvants from two groups—opioid and non-opioid has been analysed. The adjuvants studied include clonidine, morphine, sufentanil, fentanyl, and dexmedetomidine. The data from these experiments have been compared and discussed in detail regarding the adjuvants introduced at the beginning of this topic. Certain adjuvants were not studied due to a lack of literature.

Conclusion: Based on the literature review and recent international research findings, we conclude that the use of adjuvants in spinal and epidural anesthesia, in combination with local anesthetics, has contributed to extending the duration of the sensory-motor block in patients undergoing specific surgical procedures. This approach also aids in reducing postoperative pain and minimizes the side effects of local anesthetics when administered in combination with adjuvants.


Keywords


anaesthesia, spinal, epidural, anesthetic, adjuvants, opioid, non-opioid

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v47.2.6761

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